In 2001, I visited Joshua Tree National Park. I took a ride in a glider airplane and saw the giant rock formations on the desert floor. From that height, looking down at the massive rock formations, missing the horizon line, they reminded me of pebbles beneath my feet. They looked both determined by choice and randomly scattered. The ambiguity of it all colored my impressions inspiring the series, “Indeterminate Landscapes.”

Reductive reasoning lead me to consider all graphic expressions to be sourced to either a dot or a line. A dot is a place that doesn’t move. A line goes from here to there, crossing space. Spacetime is relative to all things, and it curves. I began the “Timeline” series in the early 1990’s.